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Ancient Egyptian Furniture
Ancient Egypt
The ancient Egyptians formed the first of the great classical civilizations. While most of Europe was still in the Stone Age, the Egyptians were building palaces, studying mathematics and writing on papyrus. They were great builders and great artists, drawing the inspiration for their art from nature. A complex social and religious structure was in place. The Egyptians kept books of accounts and recorded history; their children played with carved wooden toys with moving parts.
Egypt was eventually conquered by Alexander the Great, and later by the Romans. Both the Greek and Roman conquerors were significantly influenced by Egyptian culture, art and philosophy, so that to some extent it was the conquered who civilized the conquerors!
Ancient Egyptian Homes
Unlike their Houses of the Dead, the houses of ancient Egyptians were not built to last, and much of our knowledge of the way the Egyptians lived comes from inscriptions, paintings and articles of furniture preserved in tombs. There was a huge difference in living standards between the rich and the poor. Ancient Egyptian homes of the poor consisted of a living room, a sleeping room and a kitchen, with perhaps one or two cellars for storage. These were built with sun-dried bricks, or reed matting smeared with clay.
Houses of the Wealthy
Wealthy ancient Egyptian houses were much more elaborate. Building space was limited, since most of the land close to water supplies was fertile and was needed for agriculture. Houses therefore tended to spread upwards rather than horizontally. Rooms normally led from a central courtyard, with the ground floor used as bakehouses, breweries, kitchens and sleeping quarters for the servants. The first floor was used for receiving visitors, both socially and commercially, and the family's living quarters were on the second floor. Flat roofs were sometimes used as sleeping quarters on hot, dry nights. The family was very important in Egyptian life, and often extended families lived together.
Pictures of ancient Egyptian houses are unfortunately not extant, all we have are reconstructions based on archaeological findings.
Gardens
The Egyptians loved their gardens, which were mostly formal and well tended. Pools for bathing were popular, and the garden would be planted with shady trees and flowers.
Home Decor
Egyptian home decor was very elaborate. Colored ceilings, wall paintings, carvings, hangings, inscriptions and tiled floors were the background to ornate furniture and ornaments. Gold, blue, black, red and orange were popular colors in Egyptian room decor. Egyptian temple decor was even more elaborate, with rich furnishings and hangings, jeweled ornaments and heavy inscriptions.
Ancient Egypt Antique Furniture
Egyptian antique furniture provides almost the only surviving examples of actual ancient furniture. Egyptians believed that possessions could still be used in the afterlife, and items of furniture were buried with the dead in sealed tombs. In the hot, dry climate of Egypt, many items were preserved through the centuries to become fascinating and valuable museum pieces today. In some cases, the wooden furniture itself had rotted away, but it was possible to recreate it from the gold sheaths that decorated the original pieces.
Chairs
Egyptian style furniture of the noble classes spared neither cost nor craftsman's effort. Gold sheathing, ivory inlays, intricate marquetry, inset jewels and fine stones were used to decorate ancient furniture that was often carved to represent animal forms. Chairs sometimes had feet in the shape of lion's paws or crocodile feet; legs and feet were sometimes carved to simulate the legs of a gazelle. Egyptian furniture design commonly incorporated carvings of flowers, animals or birds.
Stools
Stools were the most common items of furniture, and it was the Egyptians who invented the folding stool. Since these were much used by army commanders in the field, they became a status symbol, and were often heavily carved and decorated. High backed chairs are seen in many paintings. These were supplemented with cushions for comfort. Both stools and chairs commonly had woven rush seats, which have long since disintegrated.
Beds, Headrests
Beds almost always had carved animal-like legs with hooves or paws. They were gently inclined so that the sleeper's head was elevated, and had a footrest. The wooden Egyptian headrests were probably covered with a cushion or other soft material. Chests, boxes and cabinets formed an important part of Egyptian bedroom furnishings. These were highly decorated and were designed for many different purposes: large chests for storing household items and linen, small compartmentalized ones for storing cosmetics, and miniature chests with sliding lids and drawers made to hold jewelry.
Tables
Tables were also an important item of Egyptian furniture. They were used for eating, writing and playing games. They were usually low and easily moveable. In many cases, the tops were decorated with marquetry or with inlaid ivory. Carved legs, gold sheathing and ivory inlays were used to decorate table legs.
Egyptian Revival Furniture
In the early 19th century, Napoleon carried out several military campaigns in Egypt. He was fascinated by ancient Egyptian designs and Egyptian decor. Egyptian Revival furniture and Egyptian Revival home decor became all the rage in France, and this fashion quickly spread to the rest of the Continent as well as to England and America. This began the Neoclassical era in furniture design.
The current interest in Egyptology and pyramid theories has again popularized Egyptian fashion and decor. Egyptian themed furniture is attractive and fun, and the atmosphere of mystery and antiquity can be accentuated with Egyptian ornaments, carvings, hieroglyphics and pyramids. Egyptian revival furniture antiques from the Neoclassical era are both valuable and beautiful, and are the ideal starting points for room decor Egyptian theme.
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